Monday, 13 August 2012

Perdix 7.5 mg film-coated tablets





1. Name Of The Medicinal Product



Perdix 7.5 mg film-coated tablets


2. Qualitative And Quantitative Composition



Each Perdix 7.5 mg tablet contains moexipril hydrochloride 7.5 mg.



Excipients:



Each tablet contains 71 mg lactose monohydrate.



For a full list of excipients, see section 6.1.



3. Pharmaceutical Form



Film-coated tablet.



Each Perdix 7.5 mg tablet is pink, round, convex, with a break line above and marked SP/7.5 on the upper side and 707 on the lower side.



The tablet can be divided into equal halves.



4. Clinical Particulars



4.1 Therapeutic Indications



For the treatment of hypertension as monotherapy.



As second line therapy for the treatment of hypertension in combination with diuretics or calcium antagonists e.g. hydrochlorothiazide or nifedipine.



4.2 Posology And Method Of Administration



Initial therapy:



In patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension not on diuretic therapy, the recommended initial dose is 7.5 mg once a day. Dosage should be adjusted according to blood pressure response. The maintenance dose is 7.5 to 15 mg moexipril daily, administered in a single dose. Some patients may benefit from a further increase to 30 mg per day.



Doses over 30 mg have been used, but do not appear to give a greater effect.



If blood pressure is not controlled with Perdix alone, a low dose of a diuretic may be added. Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg has been shown to provide an additive effect. With concomitant diuretic therapy, it may be possible to reduce the dose of Perdix.



Diuretic treated patients:



In hypertensive patients who are currently being treated with a diuretic, symptomatic hypotension may occur occasionally following the initial dose of Perdix. The diuretic should be discontinued, if possible, for two to three days before beginning therapy with Perdix to reduce the likelihood of hypotension (see section 4.4). The dosage of Perdix should be adjusted according to blood pressure response. If the patient's blood pressure is not controlled with Perdix alone, diuretic therapy may be resumed as described above.



If the diuretic cannot be discontinued or the diuretic has recently been withdrawn, an initial dose of 3.75 mg (half 7.5 mg tablet) should be used under medical supervision for at least two hours and until blood pressure has stabilised for at least an additional hour (see section 4.4).



Concomitant administration of Perdix with potassium supplements, potassium salt substitutes, or potassium-sparing diuretics may lead to increases of serum potassium (see section 4.4).



Patients on antihypertensive treatment:



As add-on therapy, Perdix has been investigated in combination with nifedipine. If Perdix is used as add-on therapy to nifedipine or other antihypertensive agents, the starting dose of Perdix should be 3.75 mg (half 7.5 mg tablet).



Elderly patients:



In elderly patients, an intial dosage of 3.75 mg (half 7.5 mg tablet) once daily is recommended followed by titration to the optimal response.



Renal failure:



Severe Renal Failure (creatinine clearance < 40 ml/min): An initial dose of 3.75 mg of Perdix (half 7.5 mg tablet) once daily must be given cautiously. Doses may be titrated upward to a maximum daily dose of 15 mg.



Moderate Renal Impairment (creatinine clearance> 40 ml/min: Based on the available studies with Perdix, no dose adaptation is necessary. However a decreased initial dose could be considered, e.g. 3.75 mg (half 7.5 mg tablet).



Hepatic cirrhosis:



In patients with hepatic cirrhosis, an intial dose of 3.75 mg of moexipril (half 7.5 mg tablet) is recommended.



Afro-Caribbean patients:



Where Perdix is used as a single agent in hypertension, Afro-Caribbean patients may show a reduced therapeutic response.



Paediatric population:



Not recommended. Safety and efficacy in children has not been established.



4.3 Contraindications



Perdix must not be used in:



• Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients



• History of angioneurotic oedema associated with previous ACE inhibitor therapy



• Hereditary/idiopathic angioneurotic oedema



• Second and third trimesters of pregnancy. (See sections 4.4 and 4.6).



4.4 Special Warnings And Precautions For Use



Perdix should be used with caution in patients with:



• Renal artery stenosis (bilateral or stenosis of an anatomic or functional solitary kidney)



• Recent kidney transplantation



• Hemodynamic important aortic or mitral valve stenosis



• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy



• Severely impaired renal function (creatinine clearance < 40 ml/min)



• Hyperkalaemia



• Decreased immune response



• Collagenous vascular diseases (e.g. lupus erythematosus, sclerodermia)



• Concomitant systemic drug therapy suppressing the immune response (e.g. corticosteroids, cytostatic agents, antimetabolites) and allopurinol, procainamide, or lithium



There is a risk of life-threatening anaphylactic reactions when ACE inhibitors are used



• During dialysis or hemofiltration with poly-(acrylonitrile, natrium-2-methylallylsulfonat)-high-flux-membranes



• During low density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis with dextrane sulphate



• During desensitization therapy for insect poisons (e.g. bee or wasp stings).



Consideration should be given to using a different type of dialysis membrane or different class of antihypertensive agent in such patients.



Owing to the lack of sufficient therapeutic experience, Perdix is not recommended in:



• Patients with primary liver disease or impaired liver function



• Patients with untreated decompensated heart failure



Especially at the beginning of the ACE inhibitor therapy the blood pressure and the respective laboratory values must be monitored carefully in patients with:



• Impaired renal function (creatinine clearance 40-60 ml/min)



• Renal hypertension



• Cardiac failure



• Salt and/or fluid volume depletion



• Age of more than 65 years



Hypotension:



Perdix may cause a profound fall of blood pressure, especially at the beginning of the therapy with symptoms of dizziness, feeling of weakness, and disturbances of vision. Rarely syncope may occur. Symptomatic hypotension is rare in uncomplicated hypertensive patients and is more likely to occur in patients who have been volume and/or salt depleted as a result of prolonged diuretic therapy, dietary salt restriction, dialysis, diarrhoea, or vomiting. Volume and/or salt depletion should be corrected before initiating therapy with Perdix.



Excessive hypotension caused by ACE inhibitor therapy in patients with congestive heart failure, with or without concomitant renal insufficiency, may be associated with oliguria or azotemia and, rarely, with acute renal failure and death. Those patients must be followed closely at the beginning of therapy and whenever the dose of Perdix is increased.



If hypotension occurs, the patient should be placed in a supine position and, if necessary, sodium chloride infusion given. Perdix treatment usually can be continued when adequate blood pressure and correction of the fluid volume is achieved.



Diuretic treated patients



In hypertensive patients who are currently being treated with a diuretic, symptomatic hypotension may occur occasionally following the initial dose of Perdix. (See also section 4.2).



Renal vascular hypertension



Before ACE inhibitor therapy is started, renal function has to be controlled. There is an increased risk of severe hypotension and renal insufficiency when patients with renal vascular hypertension are treated with Perdix. Loss of renal function may occur with only mild changes in serum creatinine.



Impaired renal function:



As a consequence of inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, changes in renal function may be anticipated in susceptible individuals. In patients with severe congestive heart failure, whose renal function may depend on the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, treatment with ACE inhibitors, including Perdix, may be associated with oliguria and/or progressive azotemia and (rarely) with acute renal failure and/or death.



In hypertensive patients with renal artery stenosis in a solitary kidney or bilateral renal artery stenosis, increases in blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine may occur. Experience with other ACE inhibitors suggests that these increases are usually reversible upon discontinuation of ACE inhibitor and/or diuretic therapy. In such patients, renal function should be monitored during the first few weeks of therapy.



Some hypertensive patients with no apparent pre-existing renal vascular disease have developed increases in blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, usually minor and transient, especially when Perdix has been given concomitantly with a diuretic. This is more likely to occur in patients with pre-existing renal impairment. A reduction in the dose of Perdix and/or discontinuation of the diuretic may be required.



Evaluation of hypertensive patients should always include assessment of renal function.



Impaired renal function decreases total clearance of moexiprilat and approximately doubles AUC.



Angioneurotic oedema:



Angioneurotic oedema of the face, lips, mucous membranes, tongue, glottis or larynx and of the extremities has been reported in patients treated with ACE inhibitors, especially during the first weeks of treatment. However, in rare cases severe angioneurotic oedema may develop even after long-term treatment with an ACE inhibitor. Treatment must promptly be discontinued and replaced by another class of antihypertensive medicinal products.



Angioneurotic oedema involving the tongue, glottis or larynx, may be fatal due to airway obstruction. Emergency therapy must include intravenous administration of corticosteroids, H1-receptor antagonists and H2-receptor antagonists. If the condition of the patient does not improve with the above mentioned therapy, epinephrine must be administered slowly intravenously monitored by ECG control.



In case of hereditary angioneurotic oedema due to C1-inactivator deficiency associated with ACE inhibitor therapy, additionally a C1-inactivator must be administered.



Furthermore, intubation or tracheotomy must be considered. (See section 4.8).



Intestinal angioneurotic oedema:



Intestinal angioneurotic oedema has been reported in patients treated with ACE inhibitors. These patients presented with abdominal pain (with or without nausea and vomiting). In some cases there was no prior history of facial angioneurotic oedema and C1-esterase levels were normal. Intestinal angioneurotic oedema was diagnosed by procedures including abdominal CT scan or ultrasound, or at surgery. Symptoms resolved after stopping the ACE inhibitor. Intestinal angioneurotic oedema should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients on ACE inhibitors presenting with abdominal pain.



Pregnancy



ACE inhibitors should not be initiated during pregnancy. Unless continued ACE inhibitor therapy is considered essential, patients planning pregnancy should be changed to alternative antihypertensive treatments which have an established safety profile for use in pregnancy. When pregnancy is diagnosed, treatment with ACE inhibitors should be stopped immediately, and, if appropriate, alternative therapy should be started (see sections 4.3 and 4.6).



Cough:



During treatment with an ACE inhibitor a dry and non-productive cough may occur which disappears after discontinuation.



Hyperkalaemia:



In clinical trials, persistent hyperkalaemia (serum potassium> 5.4 mEq/l) occurred in approximately 2.6% of hypertensive patients. In clinical trials, 0.1% of patients (two patients) were discontinued from therapy due to elevated serum potassium. Risk factors for the development of hyperkalaemia with ACE inhibitors include renal insufficiency and/or heart failure, diabetes mellitus and the concomitant use of potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium supplements and/or potassium-containing salt substitutes, which should be used cautiously, if at all, with Perdix.



Elderly



Some elderly patients may be more responsive to Perdix than younger patients. Control of renal function before start and during therapy is recommended. For dosage recommendations in elderly patients see 4.2.



Surgery/anaesthesia:



In patients undergoing surgery or during anaesthesia with agents that produce hypotension, Perdix will block the effect of compensatory renin release. Hypotension that occurs as a result of this mechanism can be corrected by volume expansion (see section 4.8)



Neutropenia/agranulocytosis:



Other ACE inhibitors have been shown to cause agranulocytosis and bone marrow depression, rarely in uncomplicated patients, but more frequently in patients with renal impairment, especially if they also have a collagenosis such as systemic lupus erythematosus or dermatosclerosis. Available data from clinical trials of Perdix are insufficient to show that it does not cause agranulocytosis at similar rates. Monitoring of white blood cell counts should be considered for patients with collagenosis, especially if the disease is associated with impaired renal function.



Lactose



Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption must not take Perdix.



4.5 Interaction With Other Medicinal Products And Other Forms Of Interaction



Diuretics:



Excessive reductions in blood pressure, especially in patients in whom diuretic therapy was recently instituted, have been reported with ACE inhibitors. The possibility of hypotensive effects with Perdix can be minimised by discontinuing diuretic therapy or increasing salt intake for several days before initiation of treatment with Perdix. If this is not possible, the starting dose should be reduced (see sections 4.2 and 4.4).



Antihypertensive agents:



The co-administration of antihypertensive agents, including nifedipine, with Perdix gives rise to an enhanced antihypertensive effect.



Potassium supplements and potassium-sparing diuretics:



Perdix can attenuate potassium loss caused by thiazide diuretics. Potassium-sparing diuretics (e.g. spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride) potassium supplements or potassium-containing salt substitutes have been shown to increase the risk of hyperkalaemia when used concomitantly with ACE inhibitors. Therefore, if concomitant use of such agents is indicated, because of demonstrated hypokalemia, they should be given with caution and with frequent monitoring of serum potassium.



Oral anticoagulants:



Interaction studies with warfarin failed to identify any clinically important effects on the serum concentrations of the anticoagulants or on their anticoagulant effects.



Lithium:



Increased serum lithium levels and symptoms of lithium toxicity have been reported in patients receiving ACE inhibitors during therapy with lithium. These drugs should be co-administered with caution, and frequent monitoring of serum lithium levels is recommended. If a diuretic is also used, the risk of lithium toxicity may be increased.



Anaesthetic medicinal products:



Perdix may enhance the hypotensive effects of certain anaesthetic medicinal products.



Narcotic medicinal products/Antipsychotics:



Postural hypotension may occur.



Allopurinol, cytostatic or immunosuppressive agents, systemic corticosteroids or procainamide:



Concomitant administration with Perdix may lead to an increased risk of leucopenia.



Antacids:



Decreased bioavailability of ACE inhibitiors may occur.



Sympathomimetics:



Sympathomimetics may reduce the antihypertensive effects of Perdix. Patients must be carefully monitored to confirm that the desired effect is being achieved.



Gold:



Nitritoid reactions (symptoms include facial flushing, nausea, vomiting and hypotension leading to collapse) have been reported rarely in patients on therapy with injectable gold (sodium aurothiomalate) and concomitant ACE inhibitor.



Non-Steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs:



The administration of NSAIDs may reduce the antihypertensive effect of Perdix. Furthermore, it has been reported that NSAIDs and ACE inhibitors exert an additive effect on increase in serum potassium, whereas renal function may decrease. These effects are in principle reversible, and occur especially in patients with compromised renal function.



Alcohol:



Alcohol enhances the hypotensive effect of Perdix.



Antidiabetic medicinal products:



Antidiabetic medicinal products (insulins or sulphonylureas). A reduction in blood sugar may occur.



Other agents:



No clinically important pharmacokinetic interactions occurred when Perdix was administered concomitantly with hydrochlorothiazide, digoxin, cimetidine, or nifedipine in healthy volunteers. However, in hypertensive patients, the antihypertensive effect of Perdix was enhanced when given in combination with diuretics, or calcium antagonists.



4.6 Pregnancy And Lactation





The use of ACE inhibitors is not recommended during the first trimester of pregnancy (see section 4.4). The use of ACE inhibitors is contraindicated during the second and third trimester of pregnancy (see sections 4.3 and 4.4).



Epidemiological evidence regarding the risk of teratogenicity following exposure to ACE inhibitors during the first trimester of pregnancy has not been conclusive; however a small increase in risk cannot be excluded. Unless continued ACE inhibitor therapy is considered essential, patients planning pregnancy should be changed to alternative antihypertensive treatments which have an established safety profile for use in pregnancy. When pregnancy is diagnosed, treatment with ACE inhibitors should be stopped immediately, and, if appropriate, alternative therapy should be started.



Exposure to ACE inhibitor therapy during the second and third trimesters is known to induce human foetotoxicity (decreased renal function, oligohydramnios, skull ossification retardation) and neonatal toxicity (renal failure, hypotension, hyperkalaemia). (See section 5.3). Should exposure to ACE inhibitor have occurred from the second trimester of pregnancy, ultrasound check of renal function and skull is recommended. Infants whose mothers have taken ACE inhibitors should be closely observed for hypotension (see sections 4.3 and 4.4).



Lactation



Because no information is available regarding the use of Perdix during breast-feeding, Perdix is not recommended and alternative treatments with better established safety profiles during breast-feeding are preferable, especially while nursing a newborn or preterm infant.



4.7 Effects On Ability To Drive And Use Machines



The intake of ACE inhibitors may – as any antihypertensive therapy – induce hypotension with subsequent impairment of reactivity. Alcohol intake may enhance this effect.



4.8 Undesirable Effects



The most commonly reported undesirable effects (more than 1% of patients treated with Perdix in controlled trials) were cough (4.0%), headache (3.6%), dizziness (3.3%), fatigue (1.2%), flushing (1.2%), and rash (1.0%).



Other adverse experiences possibly or probably related, or of uncertain relationship to therapy, reported in controlled or uncontrolled clinical trials occurring in less than 1% of Perdix patients and less frequent clinically significant events which have been attributed to ACE inhibitors include the following:



Cardiovascular:



Symptomatic hypotension, postural hypotension, or syncope was seen in < 1% of patients; these reactions led to discontinuation of therapy in controlled trials in 2 patients (0.1%) who had received Perdix monotherapy and in 1 patient (0.05%) who had received Perdix with hydrochlorothiazide. Other reports included chest pain, angina/myocardial infarction, tachycardia, palpitations, rhythm disturbances, transient ischaemic attacks, cerebrovascular accident.



Renal:



Of hypertensive patients with no apparent pre-existing renal disease, 0.8% of patients receiving Perdix alone and 1.5% of patients receiving Perdix with hydrochlorothiazide have experienced increases in serum creatinine to at least 140% of their baseline values.



Acute renal failure has been reported for ACE inhibitors including Perdix (see section 4.4 Special Warnings and Precautions for use).



Gastrointestinal:



Abdominal pain, dyspepsia, constipation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, appetite/weight change, dry mouth, pancreatitis, hepatitis.



Intestinal Angioedema:



Intestinal Angioedema has been reported in patients treated with ACE inhibitors (see section 4.4 Special Warnings and Precautions for use).



Respiratory:



Upper respiratory infection, pharyngitis, sinusitis/rhinitis, bronchospasm, dyspnoea.



Urogenital:



Renal insufficiency.



Dermatologic:



Occasionally allergic and hypersensitivity reactions can occur like rash, pruritus, urticaria, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermic necrolysis, psoriasis-like efflorescence, pemphigus and alopecia. This can be accompanied by fever, myalgia, arthralgia, eosinophilia and/or increased ANA-titres. ACE inhibitors have been associated with the onset of angioneurotic oedema in a small subset of patients involving the face and oropharyngeal tissues.



Neurological and psychiatric:



Headache or tiredness may occasionally occur; rarely there may be drowsiness, depression, sleep disturbances, impotence, tingling sensations, numbness or paraesthesia, disturbances of balance, confusion, tinnitus, blurred vision, and alterations of taste or a transient loss of taste.



Other



Sweating, flu syndrome, malaise.



Clinical Laboratory Test Findings:



Decreases in haemoglobin, haematocrit, platelets and white cell count and individual cases of agranulocytosis or pancytopenia, as well as elevation of liver enzymes and serum bilirubin have been reported in a few patients. In patients with congenital deficiency concerning G-6-PDH individual cases of haemolytic anaemia have been reported.



In rare cases, especially in patients with impaired kidney function or collagen disease, or those simultaneously receiving treatment will allopurinol, procainamide or certain drugs which suppress the defence reactions, there may be anaemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, eosinophilia and in isolated cases, even agranulocytosis or pancytopenia.



Creatinine and blood urea nitrogen:



As with other ACE inhibitors, minor increases in blood urea nitrogen or serum creatinine, reversible upon discontinuation of therapy, were observed in approximately 1% of patients with essential hypertension who were treated with Perdix. Increases are more likely to occur in patients receiving concomitant diuretics or in patients with compromised renal function.



Potassium:



Since moexipril decreases aldosterone secretion, elevation of serum potassium can occur. Potassium supplements and potassium-sparing diuretics should be given with caution and the patient's serum potassium should be monitored frequently.



Other:



Clinically important changes in standard laboratory tests were rarely associated with Perdix administration. Elevations of liver enzymes and uric acid have been reported. In trials, less than 1% of moexipril-treated patients discontinued Perdix treatment because of laboratory abnormalities.



4.9 Overdose



Symptoms and treatment:



To date, no case of overdosage has been reported.



Symptoms of overdose would be severe hypotension, shock, stupor, bradycardia, electrolyte disturbances and renal failure. Treatment must be symptomatic and supportive.



After ingestion of an overdose, the patients must be kept under close supervision, preferably in an intensive care unit. Serum electrolytes and creatinine must be monitored frequently. Therapeutic measures depend on the nature and severity of the symptoms. Measures to prevent absorption and to hasten elimination, such as administration of absorbents, must be applied if ingestion is recent, within 1 hour after intake. If hypotension occurs, the patient must be placed in a supine position and salt and volume supplementation must be given rapidly. Treatment with angiotensin II infusion and/or intravenous catecholamines must be considered. Bradycardia or extensive vagal reactions must be treated by administering atropine. The use of a pacemaker may be considered. It is not yet known whether Perdix is removed by haemodialysis.



5. Pharmacological Properties



5.1 Pharmacodynamic Properties



Pharmacotherapeutic class: ACE inhibitor



ATC Code: C09AA13



In animals as well as in humans, interactions between the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the kallikrein-kinin system provide an important biochemical basis for blood pressure homeostasis. In hypertension the normal feedback mechanism formed by the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may be dysfunctional, resulting in a self-perpetuating hypertensive condition.



Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors were developed to interrupt this system and thereby to lower blood pressure. Perdix potently inhibits ACE and by this the formation of angiotensin II, the active agent of the RAS, thus blocking its vasoconstrictor and sodium-retaining effects with a consequent reduction in blood pressure.



Since ACE is identical is kininase II, an enzyme that degrades the potent vasodilator bradykinin, inhibition of ACE leads to an additional, non renin-mediated reduction in systemic blood pressure. The antihypertensive effects of ACE inhibitors are accompanied by a reduction in peripheral vascular



5.2 Pharmacokinetic Properties



The prodrug moexipril is rapidly absorbed and de-esterified to the active metabolite moexiprilate. The pharmacokinetic parameters for moexipril and moexiprilate were similar after both, single and multiple does of moexipril and appear to be dose-proportional.



Moexipril and moexiprilate are moderately bound to plasma proteins, predominately albumin. Therefore, concurrently administered drugs are unlikely to interfere with the binding of moexipril and moexiprilate in any clinically significant way. Metabolites of moexipril present in the diketopiperazine derivatives of moexipril and moexiprilate. Both, moexipril and moexiprilate are eliminated in the urine, and moexiprilate is eliminated in the faeces.



The pharmacokinetic profile of moexipril and moexiprilate should allow the same dosage recommendation in patients with mild to moderate renal dysfunction (Clcr> 40 ml/min) as in patients with normal renal function. With severe renal dysfunction, dosage reduction is recommended. In patients with liver cirrhosis, the pharmacokinetics of moexipril and moexiprilate were significantly altered as compared with normal subjects.



There were no apparent pharmacokinetic drug interactions with HCTZ, digoxin, cimetidine, warfarin or nifedipine.



5.3 Preclinical Safety Data



Acute toxicity:



Findings of the acute toxicity studies in animals do not raise questions as to the safety of moexipril HCl as well as the main metabolite moexiprilate under the conditions of proposed clinical usage.



Subacute/chronic toxicity:



Subacute and chronic toxicity studies in rats and dogs with repeated oral administration of moexipril HCl up to 12 months, revealed mainly heart and kidney as target organs. The effects are completely comparable with those of other ACE inhibitors and can be interpreted as results of highly exaggerated pharmacological activity.



First unspecific drug-related side-effects after long-term administration were seen at 75 mg/kg, i.e. a dose which corresponds 150 times the maximum recommended total daily dose in humans when compared on the basis of body weight.



Reproduction studies:



Studies in rats and rabbits including all segments of reproduction revealed no direct effects of moexipril HCl on fertility, reproduction and abnormalities in F1– or F2– pups.



Regarding precautions in women of child bearing potential and use during pregnancy and lactation see 4.3 and 4.6.



Mutagenicity:



As conclusion of different 'in vitro' and one 'in vivo' mutagenicity studies, the mutagenic potential of moexipril HCl for human beings should be extremely low.



Carcinogenicity:



Neither the long-term toxicity studies in rats and dogs nor special carcinogenicity studies in mice and rats over 78 and 104 weeks respectively, indicated neoplastigenic properties of moexipril HCl. Therefore, it can be concluded that the carcinogenic risk for human beings will be extremely low.



6. Pharmaceutical Particulars



6.1 List Of Excipients



Lactose monohydrate



Crospovidone



Light magnesium oxide



Gelatin



Magnesium stearate



Hypromellose



Hydroxypropylcellulose



Macrogol 6000



Titanium dioxide [E171]



Ferric oxide [E172].



6.2 Incompatibilities



Not applicable.



6.3 Shelf Life



5 years.



6.4 Special Precautions For Storage



Store in the original package.



6.5 Nature And Contents Of Container



Calendar packs containing 28 tablets, 14 per Al/Al blister pack.



6.6 Special Precautions For Disposal And Other Handling



No special requirements.



7. Marketing Authorisation Holder



UCB Pharma Limited



208 Bath Road



Slough



Berkshire



SL1 3WE



United Kingdom



8. Marketing Authorisation Number(S)



PL 00039/0754



9. Date Of First Authorisation/Renewal Of The Authorisation



01 April 2009



10. Date Of Revision Of The Text



August 2010




Sunday, 12 August 2012

Panretin Topical


Generic Name: alitretinoin (Topical route)

a-li-TRET-i-noin

Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.


  • Panretin

Available Dosage Forms:


  • Gel/Jelly

Therapeutic Class: Dermatological Agent


Chemical Class: Retinoid


Uses For Panretin


Alitretinoin is used as a topical treatment for cutaneous AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma in cases when there is no need for oral or intravenous medication.


This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription.


Before Using Panretin


In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this medicine, the following should be considered:


Allergies


Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.


Pediatric


Studies of this medicine have been done only in adult patients, and there is no specific information comparing the use of alitretinoin in children with use in other age groups.


Geriatric


Many medicines have not been studied specifically in older people. Therefore, it may not be known whether they work exactly the same way they do in younger adults or if they cause different side effects or problems in older people. There is no specific information comparing the use of alitretinoin in the elderly with use in other age groups.


Interactions with Medicines


Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. Tell your healthcare professional if you are taking any other prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicine.


Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol


Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.


Other Medical Problems


The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of this medicine. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:


  • Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma—May be more likely to experience side effects of alitretinoin gel.

Proper Use of Panretin


Avoid the use of occlusive dressings


Dosing


The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.


The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.


  • For topical dosage form (gel):
    • For cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma:
      • Adults—Apply a generous amount to the affected area of the skin two times day, or as directed by your doctor, and allow to dry for three to five minutes before covering with clothing.

      • Children—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.



Missed Dose


If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.


Storage


Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.


Keep out of the reach of children.


Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.


Precautions While Using Panretin


It is very important that your doctor check your progress at regular visits to make sure that this medicine is working properly and to check for unwanted effects.


This medicine increases the sensitivity of the treated areas of your skin to sunlight or sun lamps. Therefore, exposure to the sun, even through window glass or on a cloudy day, could cause a serious burn.


Avoid application of the gel to normal skin surrounding the lesions or to mucous membranes


Panretin Side Effects


Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.


Check with your doctor as soon as possible if any of the following side effects occur:


More common
  • Abrasion of skin

  • blisters on skin

  • burning pain

  • cracking, crusting, drainage, or oozing of the skin

  • groove in the skin

  • peeling of skin

  • severe rash

  • skin redness

  • sloughing of skin

  • swelling at the site of application

Less common
  • Stinging or tingling of skin

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:


More common
  • Itching

  • rash

Less common
  • Increased sensitivity to the sun

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.


Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

See also: Panretin Topical side effects (in more detail)



The information contained in the Thomson Reuters Micromedex products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.


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More Panretin Topical resources


  • Panretin Topical Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Panretin Topical Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Panretin Topical Drug Interactions
  • Panretin Topical Support Group
  • 0 Reviews for Panretin Topical - Add your own review/rating


Compare Panretin Topical with other medications


  • Kaposi's Sarcoma

Jasocaine




Jasocaine may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for Jasocaine



Lidocaine

Lidocaine hydrochloride (a derivative of Lidocaine) is reported as an ingredient of Jasocaine in the following countries:


  • Bangladesh

International Drug Name Search

Saturday, 11 August 2012

fosamprenavir


Generic Name: fosamprenavir (FOS am pren a veer)

Brand names: Lexiva, Telzir


What is fosamprenavir?

Fosamprenavir is an antiviral medication in a group of HIV medicines called protease (PRO-tee-ayz) inhibitors. Fosamprenavir prevents human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cells from multiplying in your body.


Fosamprenavir is used to treat HIV, which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Fosamprenavir is not a cure for HIV or AIDS.


Fosamprenavir may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.


What is the most important information I should know about fosamprenavir?


Do not take fosamprenavir with cisapride (Propulsid), pimozide (Orap), midazolam (Versed), triazolam (Halcion), or an ergot medicine such as Ergomar, Cafergot, Wigraine, D.H.E. 45, Migranal, Methergine, and others. Fosamprenavir should not be taken together with ritonavir (Norvir) if you are also using a heart rhythm medication called flecainide (Tambocor) or propafenone (Rythmol). Ask your doctor about taking a different medication for your heart rhythm disorder. These drugs can cause life-threatening side effects if you use them while you are taking fosamprenavir.

There are many other medicines that can cause serious interactions if you use them while taking fosamprenavir. Tell your doctor about all the prescription and over-the-counter medications you use. This includes vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors.


HIV/AIDS is usually treated with a combination of different drugs. To best treat your condition, use all of your medications as directed by your doctor. Do not change your doses or medication schedule without advice from your doctor.


Avoid having unprotected sex or sharing needles, razors, or toothbrushes. Taking this medication will not prevent you from passing HIV to other people. Talk with your doctor about safe methods of preventing HIV transmission during sex.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking fosamprenavir?


Do not take this medication if you are allergic to fosamprenavir or a similar drug called amprenavir (Agenerase).


Do not take fosamprenavir together with cisapride (Propulsid), pimozide (Orap), midazolam (Versed), triazolam (Halcion), or ergot medicines such as ergotamine (Ergomar, Cafergot), dihydroergotamine (D.H.E. 45, Migranal Nasal Spray), ergonovine (Ergotrate), or methylergonovine (Methergine). Fosamprenavir should not be taken together with ritonavir (Norvir) if you are also using a heart rhythm medication called flecainide (Tambocor) or propafenone (Rythmol). Ask your doctor about taking a different medication for your heart rhythm disorder. These drugs can cause life-threatening side effects if you use them while you are taking fosamprenavir.

To make sure you can safely take fosamprenavir, tell your doctor if you have any of these other conditions:


  • liver disease;

  • kidney disease;


  • diabetes;




  • a bleeding disorder such as hemophilia;




  • heart disease, history of heart attack;




  • high cholesterol or triglycerides; or




  • if you have ever used a protease inhibitor in the past.




FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether fosamprenavir will harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant. HIV can be passed to your baby if you are not properly treated during pregnancy. Take all of your HIV medicines as directed to control your infection.

Your name may need to be listed on an antiviral pregnancy registry when you start using this medication.


Taking fosamprenavir together with another HIV medicine called ritonavir (Norvir) and also using birth control pills can increase you risk of liver problems. Ask your doctor about using a non-hormone method of birth control (such as a condom, diaphragm, spermicide) to prevent pregnancy while taking fosamprenavir and ritonavir. Women with HIV or AIDS should not breast-feed a baby. Even if your baby is born without HIV, the virus may be passed to the baby in your breast milk.

How should I take fosamprenavir?


Take exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not take in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Follow the directions on your prescription label.


Fosamprenavir tablets can be taken with or without food.


Fosamprenavir liquid should be taken with food in children and without food in adults.


Shake the oral suspension (liquid) well just before you measure a dose. Measure the liquid with a special dose-measuring spoon or medicine cup, not with a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one.

Use fosamprenavir regularly to get the most benefit. Get your prescription refilled before you run out of medicine completely.


To be sure this medicine is helping your condition and is not causing harmful effects, your blood will need to be tested often. Your liver function may also need to be tested. Visit your doctor regularly.


HIV/AIDS is usually treated with a combination of drugs. Use all medications as directed by your doctor. Read the medication guide or patient instructions provided with each medication. Do not change your doses or medication schedule without your doctor's advice. Every person with HIV or AIDS should remain under the care of a doctor.


Store fosamprenavir tablets at room temperature away from moisture and heat. You may store fosamprenavir liquid in the refrigerator but do not allow it to freeze.

See also: Fosamprenavir dosage (in more detail)

What happens if I miss a dose?


Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.


What happens if I overdose?


Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.

What should I avoid while taking fosamprenavir?


Taking this medication will not prevent you from passing HIV to other people. Avoid having unprotected sex or sharing razors or toothbrushes. Talk with your doctor about safe ways to prevent HIV transmission during sex. Sharing drug or medicine needles is never safe, even for a healthy person.

Fosamprenavir side effects


Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Stop taking fosamprenavir and call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects:

  • chest pain or heavy feeling, pain spreading to the arm or shoulder, nausea, sweating, general ill feeling;




  • pale or yellowed skin, dark colored urine, fever, confusion or weakness;




  • increased urination or extreme thirst;




  • sudden and severe pain in your lower back or side, blood in your urine, pain or burning when you urinate;




  • signs of a new infection, such as fever or chills, cough, or flu symptoms;




  • easy bruising or bleeding; or




  • fever, sore throat, and headache with a severe blistering, peeling, and red skin rash.



Less serious side effects of fosamprenavir may include:



  • mild nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain;




  • numbness or tingling, especially around your mouth;




  • headache, mood changes; or




  • changes in the shape or location of body fat (especially in your arms, legs, face, neck, breasts, and waist).



This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.


Fosamprenavir Dosing Information


Usual Adult Dose for HIV Infection:

Therapy-naive: 1400 mg orally twice a day (without ritonavir)
or
1400 mg fosamprenavir plus 200 mg ritonavir orally once a day
or
1400 mg fosamprenavir plus 100 mg ritonavir orally once a day
or
700 mg fosamprenavir plus 100 mg ritonavir orally twice a day

Protease inhibitor (PI)-experienced: 700 mg fosamprenavir plus 100 mg ritonavir orally twice a day

Usual Adult Dose for Nonoccupational Exposure:

1400 mg orally twice a day (without ritonavir)
or
1400 mg fosamprenavir plus 200 mg ritonavir orally once a day
or
1400 mg fosamprenavir plus 100 mg ritonavir orally once a day
or
700 mg fosamprenavir plus 100 mg ritonavir orally twice a day

Duration: Prophylaxis should be initiated as soon as possible, within 72 hours of exposure, and continued for 28 days.

The alternative regimens recommended for nonoccupational postexposure HIV prophylaxis include fosamprenavir as part of PI-based regimens.

Usual Pediatric Dose for HIV Infection:

Oral suspension:
2 to 5 years:
Therapy-naive: 30 mg/kg orally twice a day (without ritonavir)
Maximum: 1400 mg/dose

6 years or older:
Therapy-naive: 30 mg/kg orally twice a day (without ritonavir)
Maximum: 1400 mg/dose
or
18 mg/kg fosamprenavir plus 3 mg/kg ritonavir orally twice a day
Maximum: 700 mg fosamprenavir/dose; 100 mg ritonavir/dose

Therapy-experienced: 18 mg/kg fosamprenavir plus 3 mg/kg ritonavir orally twice a day
Maximum: 700 mg fosamprenavir/dose; 100 mg ritonavir/dose

Tablets:
6 years or older:
Therapy-experienced:
47 kg or more: 1400 mg orally twice a day (without ritonavir)
39 kg or more: 700 mg fosamprenavir plus 100 mg ritonavir orally twice a day

Ritonavir capsules may be administered to patients 33 kg or more.


What other drugs will affect fosamprenavir?


Many other drugs can cause serious or life-threatening drug interactions if you use them while taking fosamprenavir. Tell your doctor if you are also using:

  • itraconazole (Sporanox) or ketoconazole (Nizoral);




  • heart rhythm medicine such as amiodarone (Cordarone, Pacerone), lidocaine, or quinidine (Quin-G);




  • an antidepressant such as amitriptyline (Elavil, Vanatrip, Limbitrol), imipramine (Janimine, Tofranil), or paroxetine (Paxil);




  • rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane, Rifater);




  • steroid medicine such as dexamethasone (Cortastat, Dexasone, Solurex, DexPak) or fluticasone (Advair, Flonase, Flovent);




  • St. John's wort;




  • a blood thinner such as warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven);




  • heart or blood pressure medicine such as amlodipine (Norvasc, Caduet, Exforge, Lotrel, Tekamlo, Tribenzor, Twynsta, Amturnide), diltiazem (Cartia, Cardizem), nifedipine (Nifedical, Procardia), verapamil (Calan, Covera, Isoptin, Verelan), and others;




  • cholesterol-lowering medicine such as atorvastatin (Lipitor, Caduet), lovastatin (Mevacor, Altoprev, Advicor), simvastatin (Zocor, Simcor, Vytorin);




  • drugs that weaken the immune system, such as cyclosporine (Gengraf, Neoral, Sandimmune), sirolimus (Rapamune), or tacrolimus (Prograf);




  • other HIV /AIDS medicine such as delavirdine (Rescriptor), efavirenz (Sustiva, Atripla), nevirapine (Viramune), lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra), or raltegravir (Isentress);




  • insulin or diabetes medication you take by mouth;




  • medicines to treat erectile dysfunction, such as sildenafil (Viagra), tadalafil (Cialis), or vardenafil (Levitra);




  • seizure medications such as carbamazepine (Carbatrol, Equetro, Tegretol), phenobarbital (Luminal, Solfoton), or phenytoin (Dilantin); or




  • stomach acid reducers such as cimetidine (Tagamet), famotidine (Pepcid), nizatidine (Axid), or ranitidine (Zantac).




This list is not complete and there are many other drugs that can interact with fosamprenavir. Tell your doctor about all medications you use. This includes prescription, over-the-counter, vitamin, and herbal products. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor. Keep a list of all your medicines and show it to any healthcare provider who treats you.

More fosamprenavir resources


  • Fosamprenavir Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Fosamprenavir Dosage
  • Fosamprenavir Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Fosamprenavir Drug Interactions
  • Fosamprenavir Support Group
  • 0 Reviews for Fosamprenavir - Add your own review/rating


  • fosamprenavir Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information

  • Fosamprenavir MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

  • Fosamprenavir Calcium Monograph (AHFS DI)

  • Lexiva Prescribing Information (FDA)

  • Lexiva Consumer Overview



Compare fosamprenavir with other medications


  • HIV Infection
  • Nonoccupational Exposure


Where can I get more information?


  • Your pharmacist can provide more information about fosamprenavir.

See also: fosamprenavir side effects (in more detail)


Thursday, 9 August 2012

Jimuxin




Jimuxin may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for Jimuxin



Pegfilgrastim

Pegfilgrastim is reported as an ingredient of Jimuxin in the following countries:


  • China

International Drug Name Search

Monday, 6 August 2012

clonidine Transdermal



KLOE-ni-deen


Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.


  • Catapres-TTS-1

  • Catapres-TTS-2

  • Catapres-TTS-3

Available Dosage Forms:


  • Patch, Extended Release

Therapeutic Class: Antihypertensive


Pharmacologic Class: Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonist


Uses For clonidine


Clonidine transdermal is used alone or together with other medicines to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). High blood pressure adds to the workload of the heart and arteries. If it continues for a long time, the heart and arteries may not function properly. This can damage the blood vessels of the brain, heart, and kidneys, resulting in a stroke, heart failure, or kidney failure. High blood pressure may also increase the risk for heart attacks. These problems may be less likely to occur if the blood pressure is controlled.


Clonidine belongs to the class of medicines called antihypertensives. It works in the brain to change some of the nerve impulses. As a result, the blood vessels relax and blood passes through them more easily, which lowers blood pressure. When the blood pressure is lowered, the amount of blood and oxygen going to the heart is increased.


clonidine will not cure your high blood pressure, but it does help control it. Therefore, you must continue to use it as directed if you expect to lower your blood pressure and keep it down. You might have to take high blood pressure medicine for the rest of your life.


clonidine is available only with your doctor's prescription.


Once a medicine has been approved for marketing for a certain use, experience may show that it is also useful for other medical problems. Although these uses are not included in product labeling, clonidine transdermal is used in certain patients with the following medical conditions:


  • Menopause or menstrual discomfort symptoms.

  • Withdrawal symptoms from nicotine.

Before Using clonidine


In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For clonidine, the following should be considered:


Allergies


Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to clonidine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.


Pediatric


Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of clonidine transdermal in the pediatric population. Safety and efficacy have not been established.


Geriatric


No information is available on the relationship of age to the effects of clonidine transdermal in geriatric patients. However, elderly patients are more likely to have age-related heart or kidney problems, which may require caution and an adjustment in the dose for patients receiving clonidine transdermal.


Pregnancy








Pregnancy CategoryExplanation
All TrimestersCAnimal studies have shown an adverse effect and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women OR no animal studies have been conducted and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.

Breast Feeding


Studies suggest that this medication may alter milk production or composition. If an alternative to this medication is not prescribed, you should monitor the infant for side effects and adequate milk intake.


Interactions with Medicines


Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking clonidine, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.


Using clonidine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.


  • Acebutolol

  • Amitriptyline

  • Amoxapine

  • Atenolol

  • Betaxolol

  • Bevantolol

  • Bisoprolol

  • Carteolol

  • Celiprolol

  • Clomipramine

  • Desipramine

  • Dilevalol

  • Diltiazem

  • Dothiepin

  • Doxepin

  • Esmolol

  • Imipramine

  • Levobunolol

  • Lofepramine

  • Metipranolol

  • Metoprolol

  • Mirtazapine

  • Nadolol

  • Nebivolol

  • Nortriptyline

  • Oxprenolol

  • Penbutolol

  • Pindolol

  • Propranolol

  • Protriptyline

  • Sotalol

  • Tertatolol

  • Timolol

  • Trimipramine

  • Verapamil

Using clonidine with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.


  • Cyclosporine

  • Fluphenazine

  • Mepivacaine

  • Naloxone

  • Yohimbine

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol


Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.


Other Medical Problems


The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of clonidine. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:


  • Heart attack, recent or

  • Heart or blood vessel disease or

  • Heart rhythm problems or

  • Stroke—Use with caution. May cause side effects to become worse.

  • Irritated or scraped skin—Effects may be increased because more medicine is absorbed in the body.

  • Kidney disease—Effects may be increased because of slower removal from the body.

Proper Use of clonidine


Your doctor will tell you how much of clonidine to use and how often. Your dose may need to be changed several times in order to find out what works best for you. Do not use more medicine or use it more often than your doctor tells you to.


In addition to the use of clonidine, treatment for your high blood pressure may include weight control and changes in the types of foods you eat, especially foods high in sodium (salt). Your doctor will tell you which of these are most important for you. You should check with your doctor before changing your diet.


Many patients who have high blood pressure will not notice any signs of the problem. In fact, many patients feel normal. It is very important that you take your medicine exactly as directed and that you keep your appointments with your doctor even if you feel well.


Remember that clonidine will not cure your high blood pressure, but it does help control it. You must continue to take it as directed if you expect to lower your blood pressure and keep it down. You may have to take high blood pressure medicine for the rest of your life. If high blood pressure is not treated, it can cause serious problems such as heart failure, blood vessel disease, stroke, or kidney disease.


To use the skin patch:


  • Use clonidine exactly as directed by your doctor. It will work only if applied correctly. clonidine usually comes with patient instructions. Read them carefully before applying the patch.

  • Wash your hands with soap and water before and after applying a patch. Do not touch your eyes until after you have washed your hands.

  • Do not try to trim or cut the adhesive patch to adjust the dosage. Check with your doctor if you think the medicine is not working as it should.

  • Gently wash the area of skin where you will apply the patch with soap and water. Rinse the skin completely and dry with a clean, dry tissue.

  • Apply the patch right away after removing it from the pouch. Do not cut it into smaller pieces and do not touch the sticky surface of the patch.

  • Apply the patch to a clean, dry, and intact skin area on your upper, outer arm or upper chest. Choose an area with little or no hair that is free of scars, cuts, or irritation. Avoid putting the patch on skin areas where it could be rubbed off by tight clothing.

  • Press the patch firmly in place with your fingertips to make sure that the edges stick well.

  • The patch should stay in place during showering, bathing, or swimming for a full 7 days. If the patch becomes loose, press the edges against the skin and cover the patch with one of the white adhesive covers that are included in the package. Apply a new patch if the first one becomes too loose or falls off.

  • It is best to apply each patch to a different area of the skin to prevent skin irritation.

To help you remember to use your medicine, try to apply the patch at the same time and on the same day of the week.


Dosing


The dose of clonidine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of clonidine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.


The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.


  • For transdermal dosage form (patch):
    • For high blood pressure:
      • Adults—One patch applied once every 7 days. Your doctor may adjust your dose as needed.

      • Children—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.



Missed Dose


If you forget to wear or change a patch, put one on as soon as you can. If it is almost time to put on your next patch, wait until then to apply a new patch and skip the one you missed. Do not apply extra patches to make up for a missed dose.


If you miss changing the transdermal patch for 2 or more days, check with your doctor right away. If your body goes without clonidine for too long, your blood pressure may go up to a very high level and cause serious side effects.


Storage


Store the patches at room temperature in a closed container, away from heat, moisture, and direct light.


Keep out of the reach of children.


Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.


Ask your healthcare professional how you should dispose of any medicine you do not use.


After removing a used patch, fold the patch in half with the sticky sides together. Make sure to dispose of it out of the reach of children and pets.


Precautions While Using clonidine


It is important that your doctor check your progress at regular visits to make sure that clonidine is working properly. Blood tests may be needed to check for any unwanted effects.


Do not interrupt or stop using clonidine without first checking with your doctor. Your doctor may want you to gradually reduce the amount you are using before stopping it completely. Your blood pressure may become worse when the medicine is stopped suddenly, which can cause serious side effects.


Make sure that you have enough clonidine transdermal on hand to last through weekends, holidays, or vacations. You should not miss any doses. You may want to ask your doctor for a second written prescription for clonidine to carry in your wallet or purse. You can have it filled if you run out of medicine when you are away from home.


You may have some skin redness, a rash, itching, or blistering at the place where you wear the patch. If this irritation is severe or does not go away, call your doctor. Do not remove the patch unless your doctor tells you to.


Before having any kind of surgery (including dental surgery) or emergency treatment, tell the medical doctor or dentist in charge that you are using clonidine.


Before having a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, tell the doctor in charge that you are using clonidine. Skin burns may occur at the site where the patch is worn during this procedure. Ask your doctor if the patch should be removed before having an MRI scan. You might need to put on a new patch after the procedure.


Clonidine transdermal may cause some people to become drowsy or less alert than they are normally. This is more likely to happen when you begin to use it or when you increase the amount of medicine you are using. Make sure you know how you react to clonidine before you drive, use machines, or do anything else that could be dangerous if you are not alert.


Clonidine transdermal will add to the effects of alcohol and other central nervous system (CNS) depressants. CNS depressants are medicines that slow down the nervous system and may cause drowsiness. Some examples of CNS depressants are antihistamines or medicine for hay fever, allergies, or colds; sedatives, tranquilizers, or sleeping medicine; prescription pain medicine or narcotics; barbiturates or medicine for seizures; muscle relaxants; or anesthetics, including some dental anesthetics. Check with your doctor before taking any of the above while you are using clonidine.


clonidine may cause dryness of the eyes. If you wear contact lenses, this may be a problem for you. Talk to your doctor if you wear contact lenses, and discuss how to treat the dryness.


Dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting may occur after you use clonidine, especially when you get up suddenly from a lying or sitting position. Getting up slowly may help, but if the problem continues or gets worse, check with your doctor.


The dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting is also more likely to occur if you drink alcohol, stand for long periods of time, exercise, or if the weather is hot. While you are using clonidine, be careful to limit the amount of alcohol you drink. Also, use extra care during exercise or hot weather or if you must stand for a long time.


Do not take other medicines unless they have been discussed with your doctor. This includes prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicines and herbal or vitamin supplements. You should avoid over-the-counter [OTC] medicines for appetite control, asthma, colds, cough, hay fever, or sinus problems, since they may tend to increase your blood pressure.


clonidine Side Effects


Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.


Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:


More common
  • Itching or redness of the skin

Incidence not known
  • Blistering, burning, crusting, dryness, or flaking of the skin

  • blurred vision

  • chest pain or discomfort

  • darkening of the skin

  • decreased urine output

  • dilated neck veins

  • dizziness

  • extreme fatigue

  • fainting

  • fast, slow, pounding, or irregular heartbeat or pulse

  • fever

  • general feeling of discomfort or illness

  • inability to speak

  • irregular breathing

  • itching, scaling, severe redness, soreness, or swelling of the skin

  • large, hive-like swelling on the face, eyelids, lips, tongue, throat, hands, legs, feet, or sex organs

  • lightheadedness, dizziness, or fainting

  • paleness or cold feeling in the fingertips and toes

  • seizures

  • severe or sudden headache

  • shortness of breath

  • slurred speech

  • swelling of the face, fingers, feet, or lower legs

  • temporary blindness

  • tightness in the chest

  • tingling or pain in the fingers or toes when exposed to cold

  • troubled breathing

  • unusual tiredness or weakness

  • weakness in the arm or leg on one side of the body, sudden and severe

  • weight gain

  • wheezing

Get emergency help immediately if any of the following symptoms of overdose occur:


Symptoms of overdose
  • Bluish lips or skin

  • change in consciousness

  • clumsiness

  • confusion

  • constricted, pinpoint, or small pupils (black part of the eye)

  • depression

  • difficult or troubled breathing

  • dizziness, faintness, or lightheadedness when getting up suddenly from a lying or sitting position

  • drowsiness

  • headache

  • irregular, fast or slow, or shallow breathing

  • irritability

  • lack of coordination

  • loss of consciousness

  • low body temperature

  • muscle aches or weakness

  • nervousness

  • not breathing

  • pale or blue lips, fingernails, or skin

  • pounding in the ears

  • shivering

  • sleepiness

  • sweating

  • weak or feeble pulse

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:


Incidence not known
  • Anxiety

  • burning or dryness of the eyes

  • confusion as to time, place, or person

  • decreased interest in sexual intercourse

  • dry mouth

  • hair loss

  • hives or welts

  • holding false beliefs that cannot be changed by fact

  • hyperventilation

  • inability to have or keep an erection

  • itching skin

  • leg cramps

  • loss in sexual ability, desire, drive, or performance

  • loss of appetite

  • muscle or joint pain

  • raised red swellings on the skin, lips, tongue, or in the throat

  • redness of the skin

  • restlessness

  • seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not there

  • shaking

  • skin rash

  • swelling of the breasts or breast soreness in both females and males

  • thinning of the hair

  • trouble sleeping

  • unusual excitement, nervousness, or restlessness

  • vivid dreams or nightmares

  • weight loss

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.


Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

See also: clonidine Transdermal side effects (in more detail)



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More clonidine Transdermal resources


  • Clonidine Transdermal Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Clonidine Transdermal Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Drug Images
  • Clonidine Transdermal Drug Interactions
  • Clonidine Transdermal Support Group
  • 92 Reviews for Clonidine Transdermal - Add your own review/rating


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Friday, 3 August 2012

Jucapt




Jucapt may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for Jucapt



Captopril

Captopril is reported as an ingredient of Jucapt in the following countries:


  • Germany

International Drug Name Search